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^fboo Island, Gf. 



And a Sketch of the 



Savannah & Tybee R. R. 



■BT 



B. H. RICHARDSON, 



Savannah, Ga 



PRESS OF SAVANNAH TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
1886. 



I librarian ot Congress, ac Washuitfton. D. C 



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Glass. 
Book 



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A mmrmEY 



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And a Sketch of the 



Savannal? & Tybee R. R. 



BY 



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2,^ B. H, RICHARDSON 

Savannah. Ga. 




PRESS OF SAVANNAH TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
1886. 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, by 13. H. RICHARUSON, in the Ollice of the 
Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



AS A TRIBUTE 



TO THE 



Energy, Foresight and Public Spirit 

OF 

CAPT. DANIEL G. PURSE, 

President of the Savannah and Tybee Railroad, 

Manifested 271 the grand eyiterprise which has linked the Forest 
City to Tybee Island— the Soiiih's Long Bra7ich—with ba?ids of 
steel, this little sketch is dedicated ivith the esteein and friendship 

of 

THE AUTHOR. 

Savannah, Ga., December, 1886. 



THE SOUTH'S LONG BRANCH. 



Magnificent Seaside Resort — Attractions for 
Strangers, Recreation for All — A Summer Resort 
WITH Allurements for Winter Tourists — A Sketch 
of Tybee Island, Ga., i2>^ Miles from Savannah, 
AND i8 Miles to the Extreme Southern End — 
Historical Incidents — Reminiscences — Fortifica- 
tions — Picturesque Scenery, Pure Water, Perfect 
Drainage, Ample Hotel Accommodations — A Rail- 
road FROM THE Forest City, the Seaport of the 
Empire State of the South, to the Sea — A Gigan- 
tic Enterprise Conceived and Successfully Accom- 
plished BY Captain D. G. Purse, a Prominent 
Capitalist and Citizen of Savannah. 

B. H. Richardson. 



Within the past twenty years, particular attention has been 
directed to the South, especially in the North and the West ; and 
hundreds of thousands of the representative people of these sec- 
tions have been attracted to its sunny clime in search of recrea- 
tion and health, and particularly in winter, from a desire to escape 
the rigors of their own climate. Naturally, this annual inflow of 
strangers has acted as a stimulus upon the Southern people, and 
with the purpose of encouraging it they have exerted their best 
efforts. 



A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



The tide of travel has been particularly directed to Georgia 
and Florida, and Savannah^ the chief seaport of the Empire State 
of the South has been the Mecca to which thousands of these 
pilgrims have wended their way. While hundreds have re- 
mained in that lovely city but a few days, thousands more have 
been charmed by its picturesque beauty and have lingered 
longer. 

For health seekers and tourists few cities offer greater attrac- 
tions in the South than Savannah, with its lovely squares and 
parks, its monuments, its handsome churches, its superb Art 
Gallery and Historical Society Library, Hospitals, Infirmaries, 
Masonic Temple, Odd Fellows Hall, and other Society Halls and 
Military Armories, and it is not surprising, that with its equable 
cHmate, its unsurpassed transportation facilities and its grand mar- 
ket, from which are supplied not only the products of Southern 
soil, luxuries of its waters such as fish in every variety, oysters, 
clams, crabs, and shrimp, but the choicest articles of the North- 
ern and Western markets. Savannah, therefore, is popular 
with those seeking health and recreation. With all these ad- 
vantages, however, there was something lacking to fill the full 
measure of the desire, not alone of the stranger, but those to the 
" manner born." 

New York has her Long Branch, New Jersey her Cape May, 
Maryland her Eastern Shore, Rhode Island her Nantucket, and 
Savannah, equally fortunate, scarcely realized that she had at her 
arm's length, as it were, an Island with attractions and resources 
capable of development that would compare favorably as a 
pleasure resort with any of the places named. It remained for 
an energetic citizen, a man of broad views, nerve and deter- 
mination, to grapple the situation, conceive the scheme from 
which would be evolved a plan for utilizing the resources of this 
island, and develop it into a resort that would prove attractive 
alike to the summer health and pleasure seekers nearer home, as 
well as the tourist and invalid from the bleak North. This 
man was Captain D. G. Purse, and what he has secured to the 
people of interior Georgia and her sister Southern States, who 
seek the sea coast during the summer for health and recreation 
as well as for the enfeebled invalid, and the wealthy pleasure 
tourist from the North in winter, is told briefly within these 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 



pages, in which narrative the writer has endeavored to present 
a truthful yet graphic description of the " Long Branch of the 
South," 



TYBEE ISLAND. 

• 

Tybee, far famed, dehghtful Tybee, whose shores are laved by 
the bounding billows of the broad Atlantic, is the most important 
link in the chain of islands which fringe the South Atlantic coast 
from Charleston to Fernandina. 

It is at the entrance to the harbor of Savannah and within its 
road-stead vessels find safe anchorage during the most tumultu- 
ous storms. In 1874 the island first came into prominence as a 
fashionable seaside resort, and grew rapidly in favor, and it would 
have been to-day, what it is hoped to make it in the near future, 
but for want of perfect connection with the main land. This 
drawback is being rapidly removed by the Railroad now in 
process of construction, connecting the Island with Savan- 
nah, which will reduce the time of the trip frcm two hours 
to thirty minutes. 

THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ISLAND. 

The most careful research has failed to fix definitely the exact 
time of the settlement of Tybee, but it would appear from the 
best information that at an early period in the life of the Georgia 
colony the Island was peopled, though not very thickly settled. 
It is highly probable, however, that it was occupied a short 
time previous to the settlement of Savannah by people fiom the 
neighboring South Carolina Islands. 

THE FIRST PRAYER ON TYBEE. 



One of the most interesting and note- worthy incidents in connec- 
tion with the history of Tybee is that upon its soil the Rev. John 
Wesley, the founder of Methodism in America, uttered his first 



A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



prayer in Georgia. Every reader of history will recollect 
what was called " the great embarcation " from England which 
left the port of Liverpool in December, 1735. Prominent among 
that company were John Wesley, David Nitschmann, Sr., a vener- 
able Moravian Bishop, who had suffered persecution, impris- 
onment and almost death in Germany, and who was now leading 
another colony of Moravians to join their brethren already settled 
near Savannah. It was indeed a lare company. They had 
been out for fifty-seven days, crowded together in small ships, 
when their hearts were gladdened by the sight of Tybee ; they 
felt that their long and dangerous voyage was ended, and 
disembarking safely on the Island immediately their hearts were 
uplifted in thankfulness to the Creator for the preservation ot 
their lives. What a spectacle it must have been, that the beach 
at Tybee presented on that calm Sunday morning in February, 
1735) when the Rev. John Wesley, surrounded by these people, 
who were seeking in the new world relief Irom oppression and 
persecution, and the enjoyment of their religious convictions, 
on bended knees and with bowed heads, gave utterance to 
words of adoration and thankfulness to the Almighty, who had 
safely brought them " to the haven where they would be." 



THE LIGHT HOUSE. 

As early as 1733 a light-house, to rise ninety feet above the 
surface, — was by direction of General Oglethorpe, begun 
near the northern end of Tybee Island, and a guard was there 
posted. It was intended for the guidance of vessels entering the 
Savannah river. Moore informs us that " this beacon was to be 
twenty-five feet square at the base, ninety feet high, and ten feet 
each way at the top." 

It was to be constructed " of the best pine, strongly timbered, 
raised upon cedar piles and brickwork round the bottom." 

He adds that, when finished, it would be " of good service to 
all shipping, not only those bound to this port, but also to Caro- 
lina, for the land of all the coast for some hundred miles is so 
alike, being all low and woody, that a distinguishing mark is of 
great consequence." 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 



Much delay occurred in the completion of this structure, and 
appropriations were made from time to time, during the colo- 
nial epoch, for its repair. A plate of this tower is in the Public 
Record office in London, and a small engraving- of it may be seen 
at page 88 of Harris' Memorials of Oglethorpe. In the course of 
time this beacon fell unto ruin and was, in later days, supplanted 
by the substantial light-house constructed under the auspices of 
the General Government. 



THE ESCAPE OF GOVERNOR WRIGHT. 



It will be remembered that after his escape under cover of 
night by way of Bonaventure from Savannah, Governor Wright 
took refuge on board the British fleet then lying in Tybee 
Roads. Subsequent to the demonstration by Barclay and 
Grant, in March, 1776, against the rice-laden vessels lying at 
the wharves at Savannah, and when the expedition had 
returned to its anchorage at the mouth of Savannah River, Gov- 
ernor Wright, the officers of the fleet, and the King's soldiers 
frequently went ashore on Tybee Island and utilized for their 
comfort and enjoyment the houses there situated. This the Re- 
publican Council of Safety determined to prevent by the destruc- 
tion of those edifices. 

Accordingly, an expedition consisting of riflemen, light infan- 
try, volunteers and a few Creek Indians— led by Archibald Bul- 
loch, on the 25th of March, 1776, made a descent upon the Island 
and burned every house except one in which a sick woman and 
several children were found. Two marines from the fleet and a 
Tory were killed, and one marine and several Tories were cap- 
tured. Although the Cherokee man of war and an armed sloop 
kept up an incessant fire, the *' Rebel " party, — consisting of 
about one hundred men, — sustained no loss, and returned to 
Savannah in safety having fully executed the prescribed mission. 

After the capture of Savannah in December, 1778, by Colonel 
Campbell, the British constructed a fort near the light-house on the 
northern extremity of Tybee Island. It was an earth-work, 
covered now by the site purchased by the United States Govern- 



A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



ment in 1874 for a heavier defensive work; was designed 
to guard the entrance into the Savannah River, and was 
armed with a twenty-tour pounder gun and an eight and a 
half inch howitzer, With these guns the EngHsh endeavored to 
intercept the entrance of the French Squadron, under Count 
d'Estaing, in September, 1779. 

As soon however, as a detachment of French troops was thrown 
upon the Island, Fort Tybee was precipitately abandoned, and the 
garrison retreated upon Savannah. 



THE MARTELLO TOWER. 



One of the most notable and conspicuous objects on the Island, 
which is viewed with much interest by visitors, is the Martello 
Tower standing prominently forth on the northern extremity in 
proximity to the light-house, and supposed to be the work of 
the Spaniards before Oglethorpe's time. It is a curious looking 
structure of tabby, a concrete of oyster shells and lime, in an 
excellent state of preservation, very substantial in appearance. 
There is little data obtainable in reference to its history, but its 
formation and the character of its interior corroborate the 
generally conceived impression that it was built in the early part 
of the last century, designed to prevent hostile ascent of the 
Savannah River, and was used as a kind of Fort. It com- 
mands a good view of the channel and was Evidently constructed 
with that special purpose. 



AN INTERESTING INCIDENT OF THE FIRST REVOLUTION. 

Among the many interesting historical memories which cluster 
around Tybee, is that of its being the scene of the first capture of 
a British vessel by an American commissioned man of war, in 
the early days of the struggle of the American colonists. 
On information received in the Spring of 1775 that a ship 
had sailed from London with a large supply of powder and am- 
munition for the use of the Royalists at Savannah, the authorities 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 



of Carolina despatched forty armed men in barges to intercept her 
before she entered Tybee Roads. Meanwhile a British armed 
schooner had reached Tybee with instructions to protect the 
powder ship on her arrival and cover the safe delivery of her 
cargo. This "movement coming to the knowledge of the provis- 
ional Government of Georgia, prompt action was decided upon. 
A schooner was armed and commissioned and placed under the 
command of Captains Bowen and Joseph Habersham with in- 
structions to run off or capture the British armed vessel at Tybee. 
On the approach of the American schooner the British schooner 
stood out to sea, and the American lay off Tybee. On the loth 
of July, 1775 the powder ship appeared in the offing, but suspi- 
cions being excited on board, her Captain [Maidand] tacked and 
put to sea again. 

The American schooner pursued, and with the aid of the South 
Carolina barges, previously mentioned, captured her and secured 
sixteen thousand pounds of powder, nine thousand pounds of 
which fell to the share of Georgia. Five thousand pounds of 
this powder was sent to the patriots near Boston, Massachusetts. 



THE FIRST BOMBARDMENT 

ever heard on this Island was in September 1779, when the English 
garrison at Fort Tybee was dislodged by the French and forced 
to flee. The French fleet which was coming to the assistance of 
the Georgia Colonists had been somewhat scattered by rough _ 
seas and high winds, but was entirely united on the 4th Septem- 
ber, 1779, and proceeded to Tybee ; on the 9th September, 
Count D'Estaing aboard the Chimere accompanied by three oth- 
er frigates, forced a passage across the bar of the Savannah 
River. 

Upon the approach of these war vessels, the English fleet con- 
sisting of four ships, a galley an<l several small craft which had 
been lying in Tybee Roads, weighed anchor and retired to Five- 
Fathom Hole, just below Savannah ; and from Fort Tybee, as 
heretofore stated, an ineffectual fire was opened upon the French 
squadron ; a detachment of troops was thrown upon the 
island and the Fort was immediately abandoned by its garri- 



10 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



son, which succeeded in effecting its escape. After occupying 
the island during the night and finding it entirely deserted by 
the enemy, the detachment was withdrawn the next morning. 



CONFEDERATE OCCUPATION. 

During the civil war the island was again fortified and occupied 
as a garrison ; the Confederate troops taking possession on the 
13th April, 1861. These troops comprised the ist Georgia Reg- 
ulars, under command of Major [afterwards Brigadier General] 
William Duncan Smith, and garrisoned the Island until 17th 
July, 1 86 1, when they were ordered to Virginia and were reliev- 
ed by the First Volunteer Regiment of Georgia, under command 
of Colonel Hugh W. Mercer, subsequently Brigadier General. 
The island remained thus garrisoned until November 13th, 1861, 
when it was evacuated, the move being hastened by the capture 
of Port Royal by the Federal Army, rendering the position of 
the garrison insecure and liable at any time to capture or isola- 
tion. The two eight inch columbiads which had been used for 
its defense were dismounted and transferred to Fort Pulaski, 
where they were placed in position, and did good service in its 
subsequent bombardment. Sometime after the Confederate 
evacuation of Tybee it was occupied by the Federal forces and 
made the base of their operations in forcing the surrender of 
Fort Pulaski and its garrison. 

SELECTED FOR A GOVERNMENT FORT. 

Thus from its earliest known history Tybee has been a con- 
spicuous factor in the military annals of the State and Union, 
and its importance as the key to the defences of the coast and 
the river approaches on every occasion so clearly demonstrated, 
attracted the attention of the General Government, and in 
1874 purchase was made of a tract forming and constituting 
the northeasterly point of the island with Tybee light near 
the center of the tract containing 210 acres. The northeast shore 
of this reservation was protected in 1882 from the inroads of 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. li 



the sea by three spur jetties composed of big mattresses overlaid 
with brush and loaded down with stone. After the purchase 
plans were prepared under the direction of General Gillmore for 
heavy defensive earth works to be constructed on the north 
point of the tract for the double purpose of preventing the 
occupation of Tybee Roads by hostile forces, and defend- 
ing the channel of approach to the Savannah river. Nothing 
definite has been done in regard to these plans, but there is no 
doubt that the advantages for the protection of our coast offered 
by the site selected on Tybee, and the agitation of coast defense 
brought into prominence by the late distinguished statesman 
Hon. S. J. Tilden, will result ere long in securing action on the 
part of the Government and the building of modern fortifications 
on the plans of Gen. Gillmore, thus adding another attraction 
to the Island. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISLAND. 

I have briefly sketched in the preceding pages important in- 
cidents connected with the settlement and history of Tybee, 
which are of general interest, prior to the purchase of the 
greater portion and controlling interest in the Island in 1885 by 
Captain D. G. Purse, its present owner. 

Captain Purse upon taking possession of the Island after his 
purchase in April, 1885, found a very discouraging condition of 
affairs, well calculated to deter a less determined will from en- 
tering upon the work of restoration. After the violent storm of 
1 88 1 that did so much damage at Savannah, on Tybee and along 
the South Atlantic coast, Tybee experienced for a season a loss 
of its extreme popularity of the previous seasons, though it was 
the first storm to do any serious harm on the Island since 1S04, 
eighty years before. 



12 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



DRAINAGE. 

It was a popular theory too that after the storm the health of 
the Island had been adversely affected because of the destruction 
or choking up of its drainage. It is true the />^?y<?<:/ drainage of the 
Island may have undergone deterioration, but Captain Purse, in 
his efforts to fully restore the reputation that the Island enjoyed 
prior to and in 1881 up to the time of the storm for perfect health- 
fulness, found a more deep-seated and pernicious cause of un- 
healthfulness to combat, than defective drainage, which, if irrem- 
ediable, would have effectually defeated the plans he had con- 
ceived for the Island's development. Thorough drainage un- 
der all conditions is an essential to the healthfulness of any lo- 
cality and particularly is this the case in our semi-tropical lati- 
tudes. Fortunate is it for Tybee that nature has provided a sys- 
tem of drainage for the Island that leaves but little for science to 
do in bringing it to perfection, and this was accomplished under 
the auspices of the late Tybee Improvement Company. The in 
and out flow of several salt creeks, free from the contamination 
of fresh water streams, with a series of ditches, at each receding 
tide relieves the Island of all surface water. 



ARTESIAN WELLS. 



Just before his purchase on Tybee Island, Captain Purse at his 
individual expense had demonstrated the possibility of procur- 
ing in Savannah, at a moderate cost, a supply of artesian water 
of the very purest character, in a well bored in the southwestern 
portion of the city. Prior to this attempt the experience of 
Charleston, so little removed from Savannah, had predisposed 
our people to think their experience would be equally unsatisfac- 
tory and expensive, and indeed the first announcement of the suc- 
cess of the first well was discredited in Charleston, and made the 
subject of an editorial in the News and Courier of that city, 
against the possibility of a flow of pure artesian water being 
obtained at 500 or 600 feet depth. Thus it was that the drinking 
water supply of Tybee engaged the earliest consideration of its 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 13 



owner, the result of analysis proving the water then in use to be of 
the most deleterious composition. Captain Purse immediately 
contracted with the Messrs. Mulligan who had bored so success- 
fully his Savannah well, to go at once to Tybee and bore a well 
near the Ocean House for the supply of that hostelry. Ar- 
rangements were made for going down one thousand feet if nec- 
essary, but a vein of the purest artesian water was struck 
through a two inch pipe at a depth of two hundred and forty 
feet, which lifted the water nearly fifteen feet above the surface 
of the ground, within six hundred feet of the surging bil- 
lows of the Atlantic Ocean, and made this experiment a greater 
success than the one in the city. 

The effect of this experiment upon the sea islands of the coast 
cannot be over estimated in their future healthfulness, for 
their greatest peril in the past has been from bad water. Nor 
can too much praise be accorded to Captain Purse for this 
noble contribution to the relief of suffering humanity, which he 
successfully pushed to a perfect consummation, nothing daunted 
by the prediction of pessimists. 

Two more wells quickly followed the success of the first (at 
about the same depth,) with same flow and quality of water — the 
second well at the north end of the Island near the steamboat 
wharf exhibiting the peculiararity of rising and falling with the 
tide in its flow, but unaffected by it in quality, as shown by analy- 
sis. The three wells now afford an abundant supply of the purest 
water to Tybee, and the effect upon the health of the residents of 
the Island since it was substituted for the well and pump water 
drawn from shallow depths, (deep wells having been too pro- 
nouncedly brackish) is extremely marked, has permanently 
removed every cause of disease from the Island, and entides Ty- 
bee to rank in healthfulness among the first of sea side resorts on 
the entire Atlantic front, the year round. Complete analyses of 
the water have been made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., New 
York, Prof. G. A. Leibig, Ph. D., Baldmore, Md., Prof. H. C. 
White, State Chemist, Athens, Ga., and Prof. Chas. U. Shep- 
ard, Jr., Charleston, S. C, each of whom as the result of their 
examinadon pronounce it perfectly pure potable or drinking 
water. The latter. Prof. Shepard, of Charleston, S. C, who has 
hid an extensive experience in analysing artesian waters, pro- 



14 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



nounces the water of the Tybee wells the purest of any speci- 
mens of artesian water he has ever examined. 

The full analyses of these distinguished scientists will be 
found at the end of this sketch. 



A GRAND BEACH 



which has been pronounced far superior to that of Cape May 
extends a distance of five miles from the steamer's landing at 
the north portion to the south end, and is as smooth as a marble 
floor. The beach makes a magnificent and solid roadway and 
commands a complete view of Tybee Roads and the ocean 
throughout the entire length, affording a drive which can 
scarcely be surpassed for exhilaration and enjoyment. Daily 
the grand ocean, with each succeeding tide, strews the beach 
with tributes from its mysterious depths, in the shape of 
myriads of beautiful shells of every form and description ; peb- 
bles and peculiar fish formations ; and the collecting of these curi- 
osities constitutes one of the most enjoyable pleasures of the visi- 
tors to the Island — and "gathering shells by the seashore," 
which to many, has been only a beautiful idea, becomes a pleas- 
ant reality. Many of these shells are of rare and unique form 
and appearance, and are worthy of preservation as souvenirs and 
mementos. 

During the season, this beach presents a scene of rare attrac- 
tiveness and beauty, rivaling in a measure the panoramas of life 
and beauty which render Long Branch, Newport, Cape 
May and Nantucket renowned, — and in the near future when 
full fruition crowns the plans already inaugurated and in process 
of execution, Tybee will rank among the most noted of the 
pleasure resorts of the country. 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 



ITS PICTURESQUENESS. 

The beach however, is not the only attraction of the Island, 
which throughout its extent is of a peculiarly picturesque charac- 
ter ; that portion bordering the beautiful clear creeks, which 
flow into the ocean at the south end of Tybee Inlet con- 
stitutes a beautiful forest, which is the home of the feath- 
ered songsters of the South, the nimble rabbit and the 
frisky squirrel, wild beasts and reptiles are banished from 
its shady seclusion, and the narrow walks known as bridle 
paths, favorite promenades with the ardent and sentimental, 
not unfrequently become the path to a bridal. This woodland, 
destined to be one of the most desirable portions of the Island, 
is already mapped out into building lots, and will be dotted 
with innumerable cottages. 

Residents on the South End of the island have the choice of 
surf or still water bathing,as the ocean and the creek are equally 
accessible. The creeks in and about the Island which are so 
conven-ient, may properly be termed 

THE angler's delight, 

as they literally teem with fish, from the fine bass to the tender 
delicious perch. The fishing immediately about Tybee is superb, 
and in season numerous hauls are made by seine, by those who 
derive their livelihood from the treasures of the deep, whilst the 
zealous desciple of Walton is equally as fortunate with rod and 
tackle. Oysters are also abundant, are of a peculiarly delicious 
flavor, and popular in the market; crabs and shrimps are plentiful 
in season, and indeed those who seek pleasure and recreation in 
piscatorial pursuits can find enjoyment ad libitiitn. 

MAMMOTH TURTLES. 

Tybee is noted, also, for its monster turtles, and " turtle hunt- 
ing " is a popular pastime with the residents and visitors. These 
turtles come on shore at various intervals to deposit their eggs 



16 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



and frequently nests have been discovered with two or three hun- 
dred eggs. The discovery of a nest is evidence that a big turtle 
is not far oif, and the searchers generally overtake the monster, 
slowly and awkwardly ambling along the beach to or from the 
water, stop her progress and turn her over on her back, in which 
undignified position, with fins flapping and head protruding and 
receding, she is left until arrangements are completed for her 
removal. 

Just above Tybee and in full view is Cockspur Island, upon 
which is located 



FORT PULASKI 

which figured conspicuously in the late civil war. 

This tract of land was conveyed to the United States, by Alex- 
ander Telfair, by deed^dated March 15th, 1830, and comprises the 
whole of Cockspur island, (except twenty acres on the eastern side, 
which had been reserved for public use by the British Govern- 
ment) and is said to contain one hundred and fifty, acres. 

Jurisdiction was ceded to the United States by the act of the 
Leglature of the State of Georgia, approved December 22nd, 
1808. ' It appears that the eastern end of the island [twenty 
acres] was reserved by the British authorities in 1758 or 1759, 
and was afterwards occupied by a British work called Fort 
George. 

On February 6th, 1844, General J. G. Totten, chief engineer, 
addressed a letter to the Secretary of War in which he set forth 
the chain of transfers of the island, less the twenty acres reserved, 
and stated that it was presumed that the title to the twenty acres 
became vested in the State of Georgia, upon the separation of the 
colonies from the British Government; that there was no evidence 
of any direct cession of the same to the United States, and recom- 
mended that application should be made to the Legislature of 
Georgia, through the Governor, for a cession thereof . An extract 
from a letter from the Governor of Georgia to the Secretary of 
War, dated February 13th, 1844, shows that the Secretary of 
War sent a communication to the Governor dated February 8th, 
1844, requesting the cession recommended by General Totten, 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 17 



which the Governor promised to lay before the Leg^islature at its 
next session. It is not known what further action, if any, was 
taken in the matter. 

The building of the present Fort Pulaski was commenced in 
1829 and was completed a few years alter, when it was gar- 
risoned by the United States troops, and has been continuously 
occupied except for a brief period during the late war when held 
by the Confederates. 

The Fort was taken possession of by the Georgia troops, early 
in 1 861, and so occupied until after the capture of Tybee Island 
and the advance of the Federal batteries. The bombardment of the 
Fort was commenced on the loth April, 1862. Previous to open- 
ing fire Major General Hunter of the Federal army, dispatched 
an officer in an open boat, bearing a flag of truce, with a summons 
to the commanding officer at Fort Pulaski to surrender ; to this 
Colonel Olmstead commanding the Fort, replied laconically " I 
am here to defend the Fort, not to surrender it." 

Upon the receipt of this reply by the Federal commander, or- 
ders were issued for the commencement of the bombardment 
which was severe. The i ith April, at noon the fort was found to 
be badly damaged, in momentary danger of the magazine being 
exploded ; all avenues of escape for the garrison cut off, a sur- 
render was determined upon and the Fort capitulated that day. 

After the Federals took possession of the fort, the damages to 
the casemates, etc., were at once repaired. The garrison was 
withdrawn shordy after the 'close of hostilities and only a sergeant 
left in charge. The fort is in full view of the steamers plying the 
river, is an object of interest to all strangers, and the railroad now 
construcdug to Tybee will pass near and in full view of it, 
about two thousand feet to the south. 

Above Fort Pulaski, on the same shore of the river, only two 
miles below the city, is located 



FORT OGLETHORPE. 



Known until quite recenUy as " Fort Jackson," previous to 
that as " Mud Fort." The land was originally conveyed to the 
United States by Nicholas Turnbull, by deed dated May i6th, 1808, 



18 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



and is described in said deed as wharf" lot known by the number 
12 situated at New Deptford, formerly known as Five Fathom 
Hole, on the Savannah River east of the city of Savannah. 

Jurisdiction was ceded to the United States by the act of the 
Legislature of the State of Georgia, making a general cession of 
jurisdiction approved December 22nd, 1808. The earliest draw- 
ing on file is dated 182 1, and shows Fort Jackson of that date to 
have been very similar to the present work. 

General [then Lieutenant] J. K. F. Mansfield with a letter da- 
ted January 24th, 1835, transmitted a drawing showing the con- 
dition of the work at that time, on which there are memoranda 
stating that the fort was destroyed by fire about two years previous 
to that date. The rebuilding was commenced in 1842 ; from 
this it would appear that occupation [except in a general way] 
has not been continuous. 

These two forts constitute the principal objects of attraction on 
the water route between the Island and the city as they will 
also by the Railroad route. The quarantine station off the oyster 
beds, and the light houses and beacons, form a series 
of interesting objects that render the trip pleasant and divert- 
ing, while an occasional alligator, detected basking in the sun, 
on the marshes along the shore, serves to stir up a little ex- 
citement and lend variety to the occasion. 

The trip to Tybeeby steamer, while quite enjoyable, occupied 
too much time and though its attractions as a delightful resort 
were recognized and appreciated ; though every season its visi- 
tors were numbered by thousands, yet it was conceded that it 
could never attain that degree of popularity which it promised, 
until communication was reduced in time to the minimum. 

Captain Purse, the owner of the Island, whose manage- 
ment, the first season, after coming into possession of the proper- 
ty, gave it the greatest boom it had ever enjoyed, quickly perceiv- 
ed that the next great necessity for Tybee was a railroad from the 
city, by which the distance would be reduced and the time be- 
tween the two points brought within thirty minutes. He had 
already extended the road on the Island a mile, and had introduc- 
ed a locomotive for conveying passengers from steamboat land- 
ing to hotels, for which mules had heretolore done service. The 
idea of a railroad direct from Savannah to Tybee had been sug- 



OF TYBEK ISLAND, GA. 



19 



gested years ago, but it was never seriously entertained, or took 
positive shape, being regarded as impracticable and too expen- 
sive. Captain Purse, however had his own conception of the 
enterprise, and after a careful study of the subject became. firmly 
convinced that such a road was not only practicable and feasible, 
but of easy construction and not more expensive than the average 
of roads. To conceive, with him, was to execute, and he im- 
mediately secured the services of Capt. John Postell a prominent 
railroad engineer, had an accurate survey made and a line 
mapped out. The surveys demonstrated the practicability of 
the railroad scheme, and the next move was the procuring of a 
charter, and the organization of a company. The presentation 
of the scheme for the constructing of the road by Captain Purse 
assisted by Captain Postell, with the result of the experiment, 
which had demonstrated the feasability of the enterprise, at once 
enlisted the attention of capitalists. 



SAVANNAH AND TYBEE. 



The company was incorporated in November 18S5, under a 
very liberal and perpetual charter granted by the Legislature of 
Georgia, and contract was made with a prominent northern Rail- 
road contractor, Mr. T. B. Inness. to construct the line and com- 
plete it by April ist, 1887. 



BREAKING GROUND. 

On the 9th of August, 1886, the initial move in the construction 
of the Savannah and Tybee Railroad was taken in the presence 
of a large number of prominent citizens, including the stockhold- 
ers of the company, city and county officials, and officers of the 
other roads centering in the city. 

The starting point was selected about three hundred yards 
south east ol the mansion on Deptford plantation, about a mile 
and a half from the city, one of the most noted rice planta- 
tions along the coast in the palmy ante bellum days command- 
ing from a high bluff a full view of the river and city. 



20 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



Just southeast of this mansion, the point was selected for start- 
ing- the 



NEW LINE TO THE SEA 



and the scene presented the 9th day of August, 1886, will 
be remembered by all who were present. The President of 
the Company, Captain D. G. Purse, who had worked so assid- 
uously, and overcome so many obstacles in the carrying out of 
the scheme which he deemed feasible, was conspicuous in the as- 
semblage. It was a great day for him ; he was at last to see the 
initial step taken in the accomplishment of his grand plan for the 
fullest development of Tybee Island, and the intermediate points 
along the river. Divine blessing was asked upon the enterprise 
by Rev. Dr. Isaac P. Mendy, Rabbi Mickva Israel Congregation, 
and then Master Thomas Purse, son of the President, stepped 
forward with his miniature silver spade, dug close to the line and 
threw out the first spade full of dirt. Just half a century previous 
his grand father, the late Honorable Thomas Purse, had perform- 
ed the identical work in the construction of the now great and 
mighty Central Railroad of Georgia, in the building of which he 
took an active and conspicuous part. 

Active work was commenced immediately after the break- 
ing of ground ; under systematic management it has progressed 
rapidly, and it is probable that before the ist of April, 1887 cars 
wiir be running on the line. 

The road enters the City at its Eastern extremity and will 
arrange street line connections with all parts of the city includ- 
ing hotels and depots, for the rapid reception and delivery of 
passengers. 



A BEAUTIFUL ROUTE. 

There will be no road in the country more delightful to travel 
over than the line from the Forest City to the Seashore. It 
will be nearly free from dust. For the greater part of the distance, 



OF TYBEE ISLAND. GA. 21 



the river is in imtnediate view, and after passing Causton's bluff, 
the route is open to the free sweep of the breezes from the ocean 
for ten miles. 

The country through which the road runs is not only beautiful- 
ly picturesque, but has many points of historic interest. 



DEPTFORD. 

The spacious grounds of Twickenham, Bruton Hill, Deptford, 
Causton's Bluff and Mackey Point plantations present conspic- 
uous attractions to the northern tourist especially. This is partic- 
ularly the case with that portion of Deptford traversed by the road, 
which affords lovely spots for picnics and other gatherings. 

The numerous, magnificent, stalwart oaks with their mammoth 
limbs, beautifully and gracefully draped with the soft moss con- 
stitute a grove of surpassing loveliness equaling in grandeur 
the far famed avenues of Bonaventure. 

A stroll through one of these groves is a treat that will be 
keenly enjoyed and appreciated by every true lover of nature, 
— for it is here we see the wonderful handiwork of Nature's God. 

The topography of the land in proximity to the road is varied, 
and the pleasure seeker's eye is delighted as the train rushes by 
over the smooth steel rail, with views of sloping hills, and lovely 
dells teeming with the luxuriance of forest growth and in summer 
waving grain. 

causton's bluff 



Is probably the most conspicuous, and interesting point on the 
line, and few prettier or more romantic spots can be found any 
where. 

A LOVELY GROVE. 



The grove at this bluff is undoubtedly the grandest and lovel: 
est to be found any where in this immediate section. 



22 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



It is composed of magnificent live oaks of mammoth propor- 
tions,whose stalwart limbs are clothed in the Spanish moss, which 
is so generally admired by all strangers. One could almost imag- 
ine that it had been designed and laid out by a skillful landscape 
gardener, the arrangement is so artistic. 

The grove however is of natural growth, and the beautiful ar- 
rangement is of nature's cunning hand, save the heavy battle- 
ments in which man has encased it, of which we shall speak 
further on. 



AN UNFORTUNATE LOVE AFFAIR OF THE OLDEN TIME. 

Is connected with the history of the blufT, named for John Caus- 
ton, the owner, and contributed in no small degree to the fail- 
ure of the ministry of John Wesley in Georgia. 

This love affair was with Sophy WiUiamson, niece of Mr. Caus- 
ten, who was a bailifT, in the progress of which Mr. Wesley mix- 
ed himself up with men who took advantage of his simplicity, 
willfully perverted his words and deeds, and thus placed him- 
at a great disadvantage before the people, causing him to leave 
the colony and return to England. 

It was at this bluff that immense fortifications were constructed 
in 1862, by the Confederate forces, with the purpose of prevent- 
ing the advance up the river of the Federal gun boats, thus tak- 
ing the place of Fort Pulaski on the inner line of defense, af- 
ter the surrender of that fort. 

These fortifications were constructed under skillful engineers 
as the bluff was regarded as a very important point commanding 
the Savannah river and the approach to the city from Thunder- 
bolt, as well as by way of the Islands in front of it. These fortifica- 
tions are about the only ones in the vicinity of the city that re- 
main intact, the others having been leveled in the march of 
progress, and their once war-like sites are now adorned with 
beautiful residences, the peaceful, happy homes of a prosperous 
people. 

In the latter part of 1862 there was quite a lively little skirmish 
at this point. As you glide over the rails nearing Causton's bluff, 
cast your eye to the east and you will notice Whitmarsh Is- 



OF TYBEE ISLAND. GA. 23 



land, which was covered by the batteries at Causton's bluff, moun- 
ted with three thirty-two pounders and three small batteries. 

After the capture of Fort Pulaski, a detachment of Federal 
soldiers in small boats, worked their way through the creeks and 
outlets to Whitmarsh Island, their gun boats having advanced as 
far as Gibson's Point. 

The 13th Georgia were at Causton's bluffand early one morn- 
ing, while the detachment on duty, under Captain Richardsone, 
were at breakfast, an attempt was made by the Federals on Whit- 
marsh Island to surprise them and capture the batteries. Fortu- 
nately the movement was discovered ; the Federals with cheers 
were dashing over the narrow bridge connecting Oakland and 
Whitmarsh, and in a few minutes would have been upon the bat- 
teries ; Captain Richardsone quickly perceived the danger and 
rushing with his men to one of the guns, changed its position, 
and gave the boys in blue a lively welcome with shell, which 
they received with heroic fortitude, making a gallant fight for 
the position. 

They were, however, unable to stand the terrible shelling and 
fled precipitately, seeking the protection of their gun boats, and 
leaving in the hands of the victorious Confederates, their gal- 
lant Lieutenant who had led the splendid sortie. 

There were several other skirmishes at and near the bluff, but 
no serious demonstrations. The spot however possesses features 
of interest, and the fortifications enclosing the magnificent grove 
will especially be viewed with curiosity by strangers. 

Passing Causton's Bluff, the road makes a graceful detour and 
at the end of the curve strikes Wilmington River, which is to be 
spanned by a substantially constructed iron draw-bridge, two hun- 
dred feet long, having two openings eighty-two feet each. From 
this point on the island passengers not only have the invigorating 
influence of the ocean breeze, but an uninterrupted view of the 
broad expanse of water nearly to the sea buoy, and can enjoy the 
sight of splendid steamships and craft of every description, inward 
and outward bound. 

The line running along McQueen's marsh, south of the south 
channel of the river, with St. Augustine creek and Tybee Riv- 
er on the south, commands a full view of VV^arsaw Sound. 



24 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



The scenery between St. Augustine and Larazetto creeks, 
a distance of eight and one third miles, is kaleidoscopic in char- 
acter, the glistening waters of the Savannah river, St. Augus- 
tine creek and Tybee river on either side, dotted with white 
winged saucy crafts, the stately steamships, the trim barks ; 
while just beyond to the south the eye is pleased with the sight 
of fertile islands clothed in beautiful verdure, attractive in 
their lovely woods, and blossoming with the products of their fertile 
soil — while to the north can plainly be seen Fort Oglethorpe and 
Fort Pulaski. 

After crossing Lazaretto creek, at King's landing the road con- 
tinues on a circuit in rear of the front hills of the beach and 
thence around the island, passing through the village of Tybee and 
direct to the south end, where a magnificent view presents itself. 

THE SOUTH END 

Where the railroad has its terminus on the island, is one of the 
most charming spots imaginable, and will be the site of the sec- 
ond and large hotel. A number of handsome cottages will be 
erected at this point in vicinity of the hotel, and there will be fa- 
cilities provided for those who prefer river bathing to buffeting 
with the vigorous surf. 

A YACHTING COURSE. 

At South end there is also a splendid course for a Regatta, 
and the intention is to have several during the season. There are a 
number of splendid yachts owned in Savannah, and yachting is a 
favorite and popular pastime. A Regatta on Tybee inlet would 
prove a magnificent sight, as from the hotel and cottages a com- 
plete view can be had of the entire course. Doubtless those of 
Savannah's northern visitors who have their private yachts will 
bring their crafts with them, and sojourning at Tybee will have 
every opportunity for enjoyment. 

At present, the Ocean House capable of accommodating two 
hundred guests, is the largest hotel on the Island and from its 
broad verandas the broad ocean spreads out in illimitable space. 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 



ANALYSES. 

Below we give the several analyses of the water of the artesian 
wells at Tybee. 

CKRTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS. 

New York, August 11, 18H0. 
Sir:— The following are the results of my analysis of the sample of water submit- 
ted to me for examination : 

Appearance in two foot tube, Clear, very light Straw Color. 
Odor, none. Taste, none. 

Grains in one U. S. Gallon of 2:51 cubic ins. 

Chlorine in Chlorides 0.7231 

Chlorine equi v. to Sodium Chloride 1.192U 

I'hosphates Faint traces 

N itrites None 

Nitrogen in Nitrates and Nitrites 0.0134 

Free Ammonia 0.002(1 

Albumenoid Ammonia '. 0.0056 

Hardness equiv. to Carbonate of Lime J Jf f erBoiUng^. '. '.'['.'.'.[['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. .fiTrS 

Soda 1.34<>4 

Potassa 0.1844 

]>ime 1.8142 

Magnesia 1.0322 

Oxide of Iron and Alumina 0.02.3;^. 

Silica 2.41>02 

Sulphuric Acid (Soz) 0.5t)91 

Equiv. to Sulphate of Lime 0.%7f> 

Organic and Volatile Matter 0.5832 

Mineral Matter G.41.52 

Total sohds at 110° c 6.99S4 

This water is remarkably free from all evidence of contamination. 

Respectfully, your obedient servant, C. F. Chandi-kr, Th. I). 

To Mr. I). G. PuR^E, President Savannah and Tybee Railway Co., Savannah, Ga. 

Chari.kston, So. C.\., Sept. 8th, 18.S5. 

Material, a sample of " Artesian Water " received by express from 
Capt. D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ga. 

It contains of solid constituents, held in solution and left as residue on 
evaporation, 11 -fVff grains to the U. S. gallon. 
These consists in parts of Grains to U. S. gallon. 

Magnesia 1.108 

Lime i-749 

Chlorine 0625 

Sulphuric Acid 0.75S 

Sihca 2682 

Carbonic Acid 1.170 

Alkaline Metals (not determined) 

Nitrous and Nitric Acids in undeterminable traces Copper, Lead 

and Iron none 



A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



Its hardness is : 

Temporary hardness (i. e. removed on boiling) 5° (English) 

Permanent hardness (i. e. remaining after boiling) . . . 2>^° 
Total hardness 7^0 <' 

Which represents 6^4. grains to the English gallon of lime and magne- 
sia salts ; or 5 grains to the U. S. gallon. 

Analyzed by Wancklyn's method it contains of 

Free Amonia xf ^ths \ of one part in one million parts 

Albuminoid Ammonia . . . yf oths J jWhs. Total Ammonia. 

Analyzed by Frankland's method, it contains of 
Organic Carbon . . jVoths ) of one part in one milHon parts 
Organic Nitrogen . -^^^ths j yVoths sum of organic carbon and nitrogen. 

This should be regarded as a perfectly good and potable water any- 
where ; it is certainly the best artesian water that I have obtained from 
this section — and I have examined a large number. The content of chlo- 
rides and of total solids left on evaporation, is small. The hardness is 
not sufficient to be objectionable. And it is remarkably pure as regards 
its content of organic matter. 

Very respectly submitted, 

Charles U. Shepard, Jr. 



Baltimore, Sept. 21, '85. 
Result of analysis of a sample of Artesian Well Water presented me 
by Capt. D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ga. Marked: " From Tybee." 
Appearance: Perfectly clear, colorless and odorless. 

Free Ammonia Milligramme per Litre . 0.02 

Albuminoid Ammonia 0.04 

Solids, Grains per Imperial Gallon 1 1-7536 

a. f. Cloride Sodium 1.6880 

Sulphate " 1.6000 

" Magnesium 0.0522 

" Calcium 0.8100 

Phosphate Calcium Traces 

Carbonate Calcium 3.1232 

" Sodium 1.2220 

Silica 2.0350 

Feccic oxide . . , . 0.0230 

Volatile Solids 1.2002 

The small amount of Chlorine, Free and Albuminoid Ammonia en- 
titles the water according to Wanklyn to be classed fully as " Pure " 
and I do not hestate to pronounce it a perfectly good wholesome drink- 
ing water. Respectfully, 

G. E. Leibig. 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 27 



Athens, CzA., June 6tli, 1S85. 
CapL D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ca.: 

Dear Sir:— I have examined a sample of water from your Artesian 
Well on Tybee Island and obtained the following result: 

Solid Matters Dissolved. Grains per U. S. C^alion. 

Carbonate of soda 6. 132.S 

Chloride of sodium 1.4411 

Sulphate of soda 2.126'* 

Sulphate of lime 0.7542 

Sulphate of magnesia 0.0563 

Carbonate of iron 0.01S2 

Silicate of soda 0.1232 

Silica 0.0655 

Organic matter and combined water 0.1022 

Total solids dissolved 10.8198 

Nitrates, free and albumenoid Ammonia practically none. 

H. C. VVhitk. 
Accompanying this analysis is the following letter from Prof. White, 
which will be read with interest : 

University of Georgia, Che.viical LARRATf)Rv, | 
Athens, Ga., June 6th, 1885. < 

Capt. D. G. Purse, Savan?iah, Ga.: 

My Dear Sir — I enclose results of analysis of the Tybee artesian wa- 
ter. You will observe that it closely resembles, in the character and 
relative proportions of dissolved matters, the water from your artesian 
well in Savannah, but differs from this in the total contents of solid mat- 
ter. The Tybee water is consequently of rather better quality. This is 
true artesian water of the very best quality. It is totally free of injuri- 
ous matters, mineral or organic and is all that can be desired as an ex- 
cellent drinking water. I have no hesitation in asserting my belief that 
you have secured an unfailing supply of excellent, healthful water. 

I cannot tell you how greatly pleased 1 am at your success — it ought 
to revolutionize the sea coast country. 

With kindest regards. Sincerely yours, 

H. C. White. 



28 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



A MINIATURE GUIDE FOR THE CITY. 

As of interest in this connection to travelers and visitors, a min- 
iature guide is presented herewith giving the location and char- 
acter of the various public buildings, the hotels, the steamship 
wharves and railroad depots. 

HOTELS. 



Screven House, corner Bull and Congress Streets. 
Pulaski House, corner Bryan and Bull Streets. 
Marshall House, Broughton Street. 
Harnett House, corner Bryan and Barnard Streets. 
Pavilion Hotel, South Broad and Bull Streets. 
Commercial House, Bryan Street, opposite the Market. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

City Exchange, Bay Street, head of Bull. 
Cotton Exchange, Bay Street, head of Drayton. 
Custom House, Bay Street, corner of Bull. 
Post Office, Bay Street, corner of Drayton. 
Court House, Bull Street, corner ol President and York. 
Police Barracks, South Broad and Habersham Streets. 
Theatre on Chippewa Square, Bull Street. 
Telfair Academy, Telfair Place, Barnard Street. 
Georgia Historal Society, Gaston and Whitaker Streets. 
Telfair Hospital for Females, New Houston and Drayton 
Streets. 

Savannah Hospital, Huntingdon Street. 

St. Joseph Infirmary, corner Taylor and Habersham Streets. 

Masonic Temple, Liberty and Whittaker Streets. 

Odd Fellows Hall, Barnard and State Street. 

Chatham Academy, South Broad and Drayton Street. 

Market Building, foot of Barnard Street. 

Oglethorpe Club Rooms, Bull and Broughton Streets. 



OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 29 



PRINCITAL CHURCHES. 

Independent Presbyterian Church. South Broad Street. 

First Presbyterian Church, Monterey Square. 

Christ Church, Bull and Congress Streets. 

Baptist Church, Chippewa Square. 

Saint John's Church, Bull and Charlton Streets. 

Lutheran Church, Bull and State Street. 

Jewish Synagogue Mickva Israel, Bull and Gordon Street. 

Trinity Methodist, Barnard and York Street. 

Wesley Church, Abercorn and Drayton Streets. 

Cathedral, Abercorn and Harris Street. 

St. Patrick's, West Broad and Liberty, Street. 

MONUMENTS. 

In Johnson Square, opposite Pulaski and Screven Houses, is a 
monument to General Nathaniel Green of Revolutionary fame. 

In Wright Square, a monument to W. W. Gordon, first Presi- 
dent of the Central Railroad. 

In Monterey Square, monument to Count Pulaski, who was 
killed at the seige of Savannah, 1779. 

In the Park extension, monument to the Confederate dead. 

In Madison Square, corner stone of monument, to Sergeant 
Jasper, laid in 1879. The design has been selected and the shaft 
will be erected about 22nd February, 1887. 

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST. 



Immediately contiguous to Savannah, and within easy reach 
by rail and shell road are Isle of Hope, Montgomery, Beaulieu, 
White Bluff, and Thunderbolt. Each possesses peculiar attraccions 
and until the development of Tybee, were the favorite resorts of 
Savannah. Near Thunderbolt, and of access by street car line, 
and fine shell road, is the Club House and grounds of the Sav- 
annah Yacht Club. At this point is also a fine trotting Park, with 
a half mile track. 



30 A HISTORICAL SKETCH 



SAVANNAH. 

The City is beautifully laid out and is one of the, handsomest 
cities in America. 

It abounds in numerous pretty parks, and possesses what no 
other city in the Union has, a magnificent park of thirty acres, 
almost now in the center of the city, with lovely walks, beautiful 
shrubbery and an immense fountain, a fac-simile of the celebrated 
fountain on the boulevard in Paris and which is the admiration of 
all strangers. 

This sketch is especially intended as descriptive of Tybee, its 
resources, attractions and advantages as a resort both in summer 
and winter and its contemplated railroad connection with the Forest 
City and the above epitome of the principal objects and points of 
interest to strangers is merely given as an appropriate supplement 
to this narrative. 

In conclusion, the author would say to those who seek the 
Sunny South, for recreation and pleasure, health and knowledge 
their pilgrimage will be incomplete without visiting Tybee — the 
beautiful Isle, whose shores are washed by the mighty ocean on 
one side, and the placid waters of the Savannah and its tributaries 
on the other. 

FINIS. 



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